윤지 & 윤형’s House

1996년인가  대전광역시 중소기업지원정보시스템 구축사업을 하면서 대전광역시에 오라클을 처음으로 도입했었습니다.

그당시 Ingres DB가 행정망용으로 사용되고 있었는데  Sun Enterprise 에 오라클 DB를 올렸던 기억이 납니다. 그 당시만해도

오라클사에서는 도입만해줘도 무슨 요구든지 들어줬는데 지금은 너무 배짱을 부리는것 같습니다. 유지보수비가 장난이 아니더군요. 그것도 유지보수계약 체결하기 전까지의 모든 비용을 요구하면서… 입맛이 씁쓸합니다.

물론 1998년인가 1999년도에 대전광역시에 시정도우미 라는 내부 인트라넷 서비스를 만들면서 Linux ( 당시 알짜 리눅스 였던것 같은데..)에 MySQL, PHP 를 386PC에 설치하면서 Free Software로 방향을 전환했습니다.

오째든 장난삼아 Oracle을 MacBook에 올려봤습니다.

( 원문 Site 입니다.     ray_apps_blog )

Initial preparation

If you are a developer then I suppose you already have Xcode tools installed which are required also for Oracle installation. And I tried these steps on Mac OS X latest version 10.5.6.

Then you need to create oracle user as well as increase default kernel parameters. Open Terminal and switch to root user:

sudo -i

Create oinstall group and oracle user (I used group and user number 600 to ensure that they do not collide with existing groups and users):

dscl . -create /groups/oinstall
dscl . -append /groups/oinstall gid 600
dscl . -append /groups/oinstall passwd "*"

dscl . -create /users/oracle
dscl . -append /users/oracle uid 600
dscl . -append /users/oracle gid 600
dscl . -append /users/oracle shell /bin/bash
dscl . -append /users/oracle home /Users/oracle
dscl . -append /users/oracle realname "Oracle software owner"
mkdir /Users/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /Users/oracle

Change password for oracle user:

passwd oracle

Change default kernel parameters:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

and enter values recommended by Oracle:

kern.sysv.semmsl=87381
kern.sysv.semmns=87381
kern.sysv.semmni=87381
kern.sysv.semmnu=87381
kern.sysv.semume=10
kern.sysv.shmall=2097152
kern.sysv.shmmax=2197815296
kern.sysv.shmmni=4096
kern.maxfiles=65536
kern.maxfilesperproc=65536
net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024
net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65000
kern.corefile=core
kern.maxproc=2068
kern.maxprocperuid=2068

After this reboot your computer so that these new kernel parameters would be taken into effect. After reboot open again Terminal and now login as oracle user:

su - oracle

Set shell settings in .bash_profile

vi .bash_profile

and enter

export DISPLAY=:0.0
export ORACLE_BASE=$HOME
umask 022
ulimit -Hn 65536
ulimit -Sn 65536

As you see I prefer to install all Oracle related files under home directory of oracle user therefore I am setting ORACLE_BASE to home directory. And also include ulimit settings – I forgot to do this initially and got strange TNS service errors because of that.

Now execute this script so that these settings are applied to current shell:

. ./.bash_profile

Now download db.zip installation archive and place it somewhere and unzip it:

mkdir Install
cd Install
# download db.zip to this directory
unzip db.zip
cd db/Disk1

Now you are ready to start installation:

./runInstaller

Installation

In installation wizard I selected the following options:

• Advanced Installation – so that I can change some default options
• Standard Edition – as I don’t need additional features of Enterprise Edition
• Create Database / General Purpose
• Global database name: orcl, SID: orcl
• Character set: UTF-8 AL32UTF8
• Create database with sample schemas
• Selected “Use the same password for all the accounts” – do not specify default “manager” password as it will not be allowed
• Password Management – selected this to unlock necessary sample accounts (e.g. HR schema account that I use as default test schema)

At the end of installation you will be instructed to run one shell script from root.
Hopefully installation will complete successfully.

Additional oracle user settings

If you will use oracle user later then add the following lines to .bash_profile of oracle user:

export ORACLE_HOME=/Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

After this relogin as oracle user and verify listener status:

lsnrctl status

and if it is down then start it with

lsnrctl start

and verify if you can connect to Oracle database with sample user (that I unlocked during installation)

sqlplus hr/hr@orcl

If it fails then do some investigation

Change listener to listen on localhost

As I need this Oracle database just as local development database on my computer then I want to change the listener so that it would listen just on localhost port 1521:

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

and change the contents of the file to:

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

Then also change ORCL alias definition in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora to:

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

After this change restart listener and try to connect with sqlplus to verify that these changes are successful.

Automatic startup of Oracle database

If you want that Oracle database is started automatically when your computer is booted then you need to create the following startup script. Start terminal and switch to root.

At first edit /etc/oratab and change N to Y at the end of line for ORCL database – this will be used by dbstart utility to find which databases should be started automatically.

Then create startup script for Oracle database:

mkdir /Library/StartupItems/Oracle
cd /Library/StartupItems/Oracle
vi Oracle

and enter the following:

#!/bin/sh

# Suppress the annoying "$1: unbound variable" error when no option
# was given
if [ -z $1 ] ; then
  echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|restart] "
  exit 1
fi

# source the common startup script
. /etc/rc.common

# Change the value of ORACLE_HOME to specify the correct Oracle home
# directory for the installation
ORACLE_HOME=/Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_HOME DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH

# change the value of ORACLE to the login name of the
# oracle owner at your site
ORACLE=oracle

PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

# Set shell limits for the Oracle Database
ulimit -Hu 2068
ulimit -Su 2068
ulimit -Hn 65536
ulimit -Sn 65536

StartService()
{
  ConsoleMessage "Starting Oracle Databases"
  su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
}

StopService()
{
  ConsoleMessage "Stopping Oracle Databases"
  su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
}

RestartService()
{
  StopService
  StartService
}

RunService "$1"

and then make this script executable

chmod a+x Oracle

and in addition create properties file:

vi StartupParameters.plist

with the following contents:

{
  Description     = "Oracle Database Startup";
  Provides        = ("Oracle Database");
  Requires        = ("Disks");
  OrderPreference = "None";
}

Now you can verify that these scripts are working. Open new terminal and try

sudo /Library/StartupItems/Oracle/Oracle stop

to stop the database and

sudo /Library/StartupItems/Oracle/Oracle start

to start again the database. And later you can reboot your computer also to verify that Oracle database will be started automatically.

Hide oracle user from login window

After computer reboot you probably noticed that now you got oracle user in initial login window. To get rid of it execute this from terminal:

sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow HiddenUsersList -array-add oracle